The rotation on Clinical parasitology and microscopy gave us a brief yet complete review on the important procedures and principles on the test related to microscopy and parasitology.
Over the week, our skills were honed in doing routine urinalysis. Such activity trained us to identify all the possible microscopic things that may be present in the human urine. The lectures and laboratory works made us understand deeply how the multistix-reagent strip works. It made us memorize and understand by heart the individual principles underlying on those test pads.
For glucose, it is based on the double sequential enzymatic reaction of glucose pseudoperoxidase and glucose peroxidase. The said glucose test would serve as a screening test for possible renal disorders or diabetes mellitus.
The pad on Specific gravity is based on the principle of a pka change of polyelectrolytes. The test would serve as an indicator on how many solutes are present in the urine. Thus, high specific gravity would mean presence of abnormal compounds in the urine.
The PH test in the reagent strip employs the use of two indicators namely methyl red and bromthymol blue. Methyl red could determine acidic urine while bromthymol blue could detect basic urine. The determination of the urine PH could aid the examiner in the identification of crystals and other compounds that may be present in the urine.
Moreover, the presence of blood in the urine is determined by the pad that employs the principle of pseudoperoxidase activity of haemoglobin. The reagent used in this test is tetramethylbenzidine. The spots of green is due to the lysis of the red blood cells.
The protein pad in the reagent strip is based on the principle of protein error of PH indicator. Proteins could also attact ions in the reagent strip which was the main proponent of the color change in the reagent stip.
The presence of nitrite reducing bacteria is detected by the pad that employs the greiss reaction. Nitrite test is considered as the rapid test to detect urinary tract infection.
The Ketone pad indicates the possible disorders of fat metabolism. This is based on the priniciple of sodium nitroprusside reaction. Ketones have three forms namely the acetoacetic acid, acetone and beta hydroxyl-butyric acid. Acetoacetic acid, being the most abundant in the urine is the one being detected in the said reagent strip.
The test on urobilinogen and Bilirubin is also incorporated in the reagent strip. The former is used to diagnose post hepatic disorders and is based on the principle of Erlichs reaction. The later, is based on the principle of diazo reaction and is used to determine liver-related disorders.
The leukocyte test is used and employed in the reagent strip to determine the presence of white blood cells in the urine. The presence of white blood cells could indicate possible bacterial proliferation.
After mastering the procedure on routine urinalysis, we also had a review about routine fecalysis. The routine fecalysis was quite simpler than that of urinalysis. But, the examiner for the fecalysis procedure must master the forms of the possible parasites that might infiltrate the human body. Routine fecalysis only deals on the physical and microscopic test. The Chemical test is being employed if special orders from the physician has been noted. For the Chemical test, our class did the occult blood test that would determine bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
The rotation ended with a long exam and a practical exam. The said exams both tested our mastery on the principle and other theoretical aspect relating to the rotation as well as our skills in performing the indicated procedures.
This rotation might be the most dirty rotation in the clinical laboratory but with a good skills and full knowledge of the medical technologist, proper diagnosis is assured. I’ve been always grateful to Silliman University since it taught us to excel not for ourselves but for the people who truly needs our services as medical technologists.
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